People In The Government Essay Example For Students

People In The Government Essay Approval of the Journal1. The Speaker shall take the Chair on every legislative day precisely at the hour to which the House last adjourned and immediately call the House to order. Having examined and approved the Journal of the last days proceedings, the Speaker shall announce to the House his approval thereof. The Speakers approval of the Journal shall be deemed agreed to unless a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner demands a vote thereon. If such a vote is decided in the affirmative, it shall not be subject to a motion to reconsider. If such a vote is decided in the negative, then one motion that the Journal be read shall be privileged, shall be decided without debate, and shall not be subject to a motion to reconsider. Preservation of order2. The Speaker shall preserve order and decorum and, in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries or in the lobby, may cause the same to be cleared. Control of Capitol facilities3. Except as otherwise provided by rule or law, the Speaker shall have general control of the Hall of the House, the corridors and passages in the part of the Capitol assigned to the use of the House, and the disposal of unappropriated rooms in that part of the Capitol. Signature of documents4. The Speaker shall sign all acts and joint resolutions passed by the two Houses and all writs, warrants, and subpoenas of, or issued by order of, the House. The Speaker may sign enrolled bills and joint resolutions whether or not the House is in session. Questions of order5. The Speaker shall decide all questions of order, subject to appeal by a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner. On such an appeal a Member, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner may not speak more than once without permission of the House. Form of a question6. The Speaker shall rise to put a question but may state it sitting. The Speaker shall put a question in this form: Those in favor (of the question), say Aye. ; and after the affirmative voice is expressed, Those opposed, say No. . After a vote by voice under this clause, the Speaker may use such voting procedures as may be invoked under rule XX. Discretion to vote7. The Speaker is not required to vote in ordinary legislative proceedings, except when his vote would be decisive or when the House is engaged in voting by ballot. Speaker pro tempore8. (a) The Speaker may appoint a Member to perform the duties of the Chair. Except as specified in paragraph (b), such an appointment may not extend beyond three legislative days. (b)(1) In the case of his illness, the Speaker may appoint a Member to perform the duties of the Chair for a period not exceeding 10 days, subject to the approval of the House. If the Speaker is absent and has omitted to make such an appointment, then the House shall elect a Speaker pro tempore to act during the absence of the Speaker. (2) With the approval of the House, the Speaker may appoint a Member to act as Speaker pro tempore only to sign enrolled bills and joint resolutions for a specified period of time. Term limit9. A person may not serve as Speaker for more than four consecutive Congresses (disregarding for this purpose any service for less than a full session in any Congress). Designation of travel10. The Speaker may designate a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House to travel on the business of the House within or without the United States, whether the House is meeting, has recessed, or has adjourned. Expenses for such travel may be paid from applicable accounts of the House described in clause 1(i)(1) of rule X on vouchers approved and signed solely by the Speaker. Committee appointment11. The Speaker shall appoint all select, joint, and conference committees ordered by the House. At any time after an original appointment, the Speaker may remove Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner from, or appoint additional Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner to, a select or conference committee. In appointing Members, Delegates, or the Resident Commissioner to conference committees, the Speaker shall appoint no less than a majority who generally supported the House position as determined by the Speaker, shall name those who are primarily responsible for the legislation, and shall, to the fullest extent feasible, include the principal proponents of the major provisions of the bill or resolution passed or adopted by the House. Declaration of recess12. To suspend the business of the House for a short time when no question is pending before the House, the Speaker may declare a recess subject to the call of the Chair. Other responsibilities13. The Speaker, in consultation with the Minority Leader, shall develop through an appropriate entity of the House a system for drug testing in the House. The system may provide for the testing of a Member, Delegate, Resident Commissioner, officer, or employee of the House, and otherwise shall be comparable in scope to the system for drug testing in the executive branch pursuant to Executive Order 12564 (Sept. 15, 1986). The expenses of the system may be paid from applicable accounts of the House for official expenses. Each state has two Senators while membership in the House of Representatives is apportioned according to a states population. Leaders Lecture SeriesOutstanding former Senate leaders and other distinguished Americans share their insights about the Senates recent history and long-term practices. The Constitution assigns the Senate and House equal responsibility for declaring war, maintaining the armed forces, assessing taxes, borrowing money, minting currency, regulating commerce, and making all laws necessary for the operation of the government. The Senate holds exclusive authority to advise and consent on treaties and nominations. How the Senate Works The Constitution prescribes that the Senate will be composed of two Senators from each State (therefore, the Senate currently has 100 Members) and that a Senator must be at least 30 years of age, have been a citizen of the United States for 9 years, and, when elected, be a resident of the State from which the he or she is chosen. A Senators term of office is 6 years and approximately one-third of the total membership of the Senate is elected every second year. Senate committees are appointed by resolution at the beginning of each Congress, with power to continue to act until their successors are appointed. All Senate committees are created by the Senate. At present, Senate committees include 16 standing committees, 3 select committees, and 2 special committees. Who are all those people on the Senate Floor?You will see several officials on the floor of the Senate when it convenes, including the Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate, the Secretary and Assistant Secretary of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms, the Legislative Clerk, the Journal Clerk, the Parliamentarian of the Senate, the Secretaries for the Majority and the Minority, the Official Reporters of Debate, and the Pages. The Secretary of the Senate is the elected official of the Senate responsible for management of many legislative and administr ative services. The Secretary is the disbursing officer for the Senate. The official seal of the Senate is in the custody of, and its use is prescribed by, the Secretary. In the absence of the Vice President, and pending the election of a President pro tempore, the Secretary performs the duties of the chair. The Assistant Secretary is the chief assistant to the Secretary of the Senate. The Assistant Secretary performs the functions of the Secretary in the latters absence, and in the event of the death or resignation of the Secretary would act as Secretary in all matters except those duties as disbursing officer of the Senate. On the day after the first organization of the Senate, a Doorkeeper was chosen whose title was eventually changed to Sergeant at Arms. His duties are to execute the Senates orders as to decorum on the floor and in the galleries. He is responsible for the enforcement of all rules made for the regulation of the Senate wing of the Capitol. He also is the custodian of all properties under the dominion of the Senate and supervises the messengers, pages and other workers who serve the Senate. If the Senate decides to issue warrants of arrest for its absent Members, it is the duty of the Sergeant of Arms to bring those Senators into custody. Article 1, section 5, paragraph 3 of the Constitution provides that Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House and any question shall, at the Desire of one-fifth of those Present be entered on the Journal. The Journal Clerk is charged with maintaining the Senate Journal under the direction of the Secretary of the Senate. The Legislative Clerk is responsible for reporting all bills, messages from the House, conference reports, and amendments to the Senate. All record votes are taken by the Legislative Clerk and his assistants. An appointed officia l of the Senate, the Parliamentarian functions under the direction of the Secretary of the Senate. The Parliamentarians chief duty and responsibility is to advise the Presiding Officer on parliamentary aspects of Senate activity. The Parliamentarian advises Senators and senatorial committee staffs, and is called upon by other branches of Government, the press, and the public for information regarding procedural aspects of Senate activity. The Official Reporters of Debates prepare the material concerning business of the Senate for inclusion in the Congressional Record. All proceedings in the Senate Chamber are reported verbatim by a staff of Official Reporters, who are under the supervision of the Editor in Chief. The Editor in Chief is the editor of all matter contained in the Senate proceedings. In addition to the verbatim proceedings in the Senate Chamber, the office of the Official Reporters processes for inclusion in the Congressional Record a description of the morning business conducted by the Senate (measures introduced, messages from the President and the House of Representatives, co-sponsors, communications received, and notices of hearings), and additional or unspoken statements of Senators. The Official Reporters of Debates are appointed by the Secretary of the Senate. The Secretary for the Majority is an elected officer of the Senate who is responsible for providing many support services to the majority party leaders and members of the Senate. The floor-related duties of the Secretary include supervising the cloakroom, briefing Senators on votes and issues that are under consideration on the floor, obtaining pairs for Senators, and polling Senators when the Leadership so desires. Additionally, the Secretary is responsible for assigning Senate Chamber seats to the majority party Members; maintaining a file of committee assignment requests; staffing the committee which arranges majority party committee assignments; recommending to the Leadership majo rity party candidates for appointment to boards, commissions, and international conferences; maintaining records of such appointments; providing a repository for official minutes of majority party conferences and meetings of the Policy Committee, Steering Committee, and committee chairmen; monitoring the nominations on the Executive Calendar; and other duties as directed by the Leadership. The Secretary for the Minority also is an elected officer of the Senate, and performs corresponding duties for the minority party leaders and other Senators. There are three different kinds of courts that make up the federal court system; the district courts, the courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court was created by the Constitution to make sure that a citizens rights werent violated, to assure that they would get a fair trial, and to establish justice. The lower federal courts were created in 1789 by Congress because the Supreme Court couldnt handle all of the cases by itself . These three kinds of courts make up the Judicial Branch of the government. The federal court system of the United States was created to protect the rights of U.S. citizens, to establish justice, and to make sure that all of the laws in the United States were constitutional. The district courts are the entry level courts. It is the only federal court that conducts a trial by jury. It has original jurisdiction on all of the cases it hears. The district courts hears crimes related to the federal law. It also hears civil suits that are over $10,000 and are between people of different states or when a foreign party is involved. Certain cases involving income taxes, copyright laws, trademark laws, and patent laws are other cases the district courts hears. There are about ninety-four district courts in the U.S. plus one in Washington D.C.. There is at least one district courts in every state. California has four district courts. The judges for the district courts are appointed by the Pre sident and must be approved by the Senate. There are no qualifications for becoming a judge, except that one must be an American citizen. Most judges are lawyers who are able to understand the law. Judges serve lifetime terms. There are approximately 565 judges that serve the district courts, with at lest one judge in every court. The District Court is only the first of three federal courts. The courts of appeals is the second level in the federal court system. All of its cases come from the district courts, but only certain cases are heard. Usually it is a case where a mistake was made in the process of the trial. Both oral and written arguments are heard at the courts of appeals. The courts of appeals has the option to affirm, reverse, modify, or remand a decision made in the district courts. Judges in the courts of appeals must be American citizens. The judges in the courts of appeals are chosen on the same basis as in the district courts. There are at least six judges per court and there are about 167 judges total. There is one chief judge. He or she must have served the most years as a judge and must be under sixty-five. The chief judges term lasts seven years. The chief judge still hears cases, but he also has administrative duties. There are thirteen courts of appeals spread out through the United States including one in San Diego, California. The highest federal court is the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court. It hears cases from the district courts, the courts of appeals, and state supreme courts. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction on all cases involving foreign ambassadors and when a state sues another state. These cases form ten percent of all its cases. Of the 4,500 cases appealed to the Supreme Court each year only 200 are heard. One of the reasons the Supreme Court is so powerful is the power of Judicial Review. This gives the Supreme Court the right to overturn state laws and laws passed by Congress. It als o gives the Supreme Court the power to declare the presidentOs actions unconstitutional. This power was first exercised in 1803 by Chief Justice John Marshall in the case of Marbury versus Madison. By using this power, John Marshall set a precedent. There are nine justices that serve the Supreme Court. There is one Chief Justice and 8 associate justices. They all serve lifetime terms unless they retire, die, or are impeached. The justices meet from October to June. The Supreme Court is located in Washington D.C. It is the only court created by the Constitution. The federal court system is a very important part of the federal government. Not only does it check other parts of government through Judicial Review, but it also helps everyday American citizens. It makes sure that citizens receive due process from the law. The courts also make sure that the Constitution is followed. Greece was an ancient form of democracy. The United States adapted this to fit the needs of today. At the fun eral oration of Pericles it was said, Our government is named a democracy, because it is in the hands not of the few but of the many. But our laws secure equal justice for all in their private disputes. This today has an important meaning to Americans everywhere. History

Skepticism in Dan Brown’s Da Vinci Code Essay Example

Skepticism in Dan Brown’s Da Vinci Code Essay Christianity is a solid institution in most societies of the world which had impose its’ heavy influence on socio-cultural facets and beliefs of almost any monotheistic groups and genres. Whereas, in the past two centuries, the so-called ‘Faith’, had been an indomitable and unquestionable Force, albeit opposed by few discrete groups, evolution in the society marked by the proliferation of science and technological penetration of culture, has opened the solid unquestionable faith precluded by Christianity to the attacks of veritable critics and skeptics. The twentieth century attack on Christianity exist in non-random, semi-open attack patterns; ‘media’ and ‘literature’ has become an easier route to thwart the Christian Doctrine which replaces that of the anti-Jesus parallel movement of the following: (1) the atheist movement during the Socratic Classical Period, (2) the ‘docta ignorantia’ of the Middle Ages, and (3) the rise of the Calvinist and the Cult of Reason during the Revolution and the rise of free-thinkers. As a result of the combined effect of anti-Jesus parallel movement throughout the history following the knowledge conveyed by Science, the Church has lost its grasp in politics. Still, it cannot be denied that ‘Christianity’s power’ although not fully expressed in politics, held the most number of followers with an estimate of one-fourth of the world’s population. We will write a custom essay sample on Skepticism in Dan Brown’s Da Vinci Code specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Skepticism in Dan Brown’s Da Vinci Code specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Skepticism in Dan Brown’s Da Vinci Code specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Media and literature movement in the contemporary times may decapitate the power of the Church in terms of decreasing the potential number of followers thru enlightening them. The most stunning attack so far to Church the allusion of Power is Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code. In the following paper, there is a general aim to elucidate the skeptic or the anti-Christianity faith demonstrated by the aforementioned conspiracy-detective story of Dan Brown. Alongside, the following queries will be questioned: (1) the reliability of the ‘evidences’ in the detective story, (2) the factual and fictional entities of the Da Vinci Code, (3) the implications on the biblical reality, (4) and finally, the general ‘eye-opening’ effect of the book on the faith [or the lack of it] of readers. II. Da Vinci Code: Factual   or Not? The Da Vinci Code with its non-Christian/Catholic allegory sparked the general interest of the crowd in Christianity and history. Whereas the professorial character in the book, Robert Langdon, tried to save the world by masking the secrets of Jesus Christ’s genealogy, Dan Brown was apparently doing the exact opposite by suggesting innuendo’s against the teachings of the Church and the ‘falsified history’ supporting the Godly wisdom. As detailed by the book, the famous Last Supper drawn by Leonardo Da Vinci, suggested that Mary Magdalene was actually the wife of Jesus Christ and was the famous ‘Holy Grail’. Mary Magdalene took the place of John, and the discrete V formation between her and Jesus signifies the ‘sacred feminine’ and her symbol as the grail. The color inverts may also suggest the characteristic marital bonding between the two characters. Additionally the geometry of her head fits exactly with the curve of Jesus Christ’s shoulder. The book reveals the following: (1) non-physical identity of the Holy Grail, (2) the chalice is Mary Magdalene and the carrier of the bloodline of Christ, (3) old French term for the chalice San grà ©al/Sang rà ©al, which translates to Royal Blood in Old French, (4) there are actually documents that would testify to the bloodline which were hidden by the Priory of Sion beneath the Rosslyn Chapel, (5) the Church was behind the conspiracy to hid the ‘Royal Blood Line’   (6) Mary Magdalene is not a prostitute but a descent of the Jewish House of Benjamin, (7) she was pregnant during time of Crucifixion, fled to Gaul, and sheltered by the Jewish people,   (8) she gave birth to Sarah and the descents became the Merovingian Dynasty of France, (9) the Priory of Sion and the Knights Templar were organized to keep the secret of the royal lineage and (10) Mona Lisa   denotes the is an androgyny for sacred union of Jesus-Mary Magdalene. Is the The Vinci Code, a morass of factual or non-factual allegations? Many groups have sparked the interest of the Dan Brown’s claims, and most of them are religious organizations. The novel is actually a slap to the face of the Church, branding them as a liar and undermining the faith of millions of Christians in general. Dan Brown demonstrates pseudo-skepticism and what is worse is that he insinuates that the Catholic Church is a sinister and misogynist institution, and that theological Truth is merely a pre-fabricated knowledge of each person. According to Ivan Ivereigh, press secretary to Britain’s top Catholic prelate Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O’Connor, there are many who took Dan Brown’ s anti-Church claims seriously and not just a fictional entertainment. Opus Dei, an organization of the Roman Catholic Church that presumably teaches Catholics to assume personal responsibility in sanctifying the secular world from within, plays a dubious role in the The Da Vinci Code novel, with its devout members, specifically Silas, resorting to multiple murder to protect the Church. Opus Dei, since the release of the book, has been branded as a murderous sect, dedicated to do the ‘dirty deeds’ of the Church. This does not do well to the reputation of the group since they were generally known as good flocks and disseminators of faith within the locality that they served. Dan Brown claimed that all illustrations of art, architecture, archaological documents, and secret rituals in the novel are 100 % accurate. Recent investigations, by the clergy and other interested historians, however, disputed the claims. Dan Brown’s writings are in fact, not an original but an adaptation of the Michael Baigent and Richard Leighs earlier work, The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail. How can he attest to the credibility of the claims of his work when he himself did not originally construct it? Findings of 50 ancient texts near the Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi in 1945, were not actually scrolls, as the book identifies, but rather, leather bound books known as the Gnostic Gospels, which paints Mary Magdalene as the head apostle and a feminist-advocate of the primary teachings of the Church.   Dr. Ben Witherington, III of the Asbury Theological Seminary, clarified that Mary Magdalene was indeed not a prostitute, but the name was actually an allusion to her by the Po pe Gregory the Great. Here is a text derived by Brown from the Book of Peter of the Gnostic Gospels: And the companion of the Saviour is Mary Magdalene. Christ loved her more than all the disciples and used to kiss her often on her mouth. The rest of the disciples were offended by it and expressed disapproval. They said to him, Why do you love her more than all of us? Her â€Å"kissing Jesus† and the â€Å"John 20: 17 clinging† may not be a spouse’s greeting but traditional ones for the Jews (e.g. Judas’ kiss). Additionally, most scripts have missing words which may be filled in ‘incorrectly’; blanks may be substituted for the term mouth instead of the hand. The Book of Phillip also expresses extreme dislike to ‘sexual relations’ and ‘marriage’ so how can it allude to the marriage of Jesus to Mary? Many authors and biblical scholars agree that the relation between the Jesus and Magdalene was hardly intimate. Vargas, in their quests to discover the truth revealed that Mary Magdalene was closed to Jesus but that the relationship was not marital as what Brown has led the people to believe. Also, the oldest writings that would refer to Jesus — The New Testament of the Bible, the writings of historians who were born during the first century, including Josephus, Tacitus, Suetonius and Pliny the Younger, Talmud, and the First Epistle from St. Clement contained no allegation on the celibacy of Jesus Christ. Even the Israel Museum does not admit to the connection between Jesus and the so-called scrolls. The Gnostic writings is also not consistent with the writings of the Old Testament and the authors were unknown, which were the reason why the Church does not exactly acknowledge them. Additionally, Brown indicated that Jesus must be married because during their time, men were required by the law to get married. This is not true given that the prophet Jeremiah was a certified celibate throughout his life and Moses became a celibate for 40 years. Dan Brown says that the ‘marriage’ was painted in Da Vinci’s Last Supper. Art historians do recognized that the right-handed person is not Mary Magdalene but the youthful Apostle John. Additionally, the painting does not present an overwhelming evidence of the ‘truth’ since Da Vinci was not present during the ‘Last Supper’ and it does not explain why John was excluded from the painting. Matthew 10:34 clearly identifies the twelve disciples participating in the Supper and not one of them is Mary Magdalene.   Additionally, the contested ‘figure’ is not a female but a young male since the figure has ‘no breast’. Scholars in Medieval History and Grail mythology assessed that the Knights Templar have no connection with Mary Magdalene and all of them were singular about the idea that Holy Grail is merely a literary fiction and that Priory of Sion is a non-existent group. Up to now, the Nag Hammadi Gnostics scripts have not been verified as an authentic theological document. The document, were dated to be written two centuries later and was thus written much after Jesus and his disciples had died. The Nag Hammadi actually focused not on deism of God but his marginalized humanity. The Council of Nicea, convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in 325, did not actually debated on the deity of Christ but rather on his co-existance with the Father. Dan Brown also committed the error of misrepresenting small historical facts. Take for instance, that Christianity was merely a copycat of Mithraism; in reality Mithraic studies reveals that it does not have anything to do with the terms ‘Son of God’, offering of gold, frankincense, and myrrh and death resurrection motif. Also, the sacred name of Jesus, has no paganistic origin, [as Dan Brown claims] but it is merely a melding of the consonants to the original form by the rabbis to indicate respect. The five-million-massacre [in Dan Brown’s book] was exaggerated and in fact, most historians would agree that the counts only range in thousands and that most of them were conducted in non-catholic countries. Dan Brown also thwarted the facts on the Vatican paganizing the worship, Constantine shaping the New Testament, subjugation of women by the Vatican, the anti-Christian Leonardo da Vinci, and on paganizing the worship day. III. Conclusion Apparently, Dan Brown’s work mimics that of skepticism, radical feminism and anti-Christian faith. He decorated his ‘fictional’ book with terms from archeology, theology and history to the point of exploiting them. His claims on the Catholic Church in general, were not sound and yet, to unknowledgeable readers, this may present factual scope. This is the saddest thing of all since it adds up to the decreasing rate of Christian flocks around the world. The next question, would be, would there ever be a literature in the future which would actually denigrate the Church with sound evidences or proofs? The question remains to be seen.

Free Essays on Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe, chronic, disabling, and potentially lethal psychiatric condition. People who suffer with this disorder have extreme and long standing instability in their emotional lives, as well as in their behavior and their self-image. This is a common disorder affecting two percent of the general population. The best evidence indicates that about eleven percent of psychiatric outpatients and nineteen percent of inpatients meet diagnostic criteria for BPD (Kass, et al. 1985). A person with a borderline personality disorder often experiences a repetitive pattern of disorganization and instability in mood and close personal relationships. This can cause significant distress or impairment in friendship and in work. A person with this disorder can often be bright and intelligent, and appear warm, friendly and competent. They sometimes can maintain this appearance for a number of years until their defense structure crumbles, usually around a stressful situation like the break of a romantic relationship or the death of a parent (Corelli). There are many Symptoms of borderline personality disorder such as unstable interpersonal relationships, frequent display of temper, inappropriate anger, recurrent suicide gestures, feelings of emptiness and boredom, intolerance for bring alone and an impulsiveness in at least two of the following areas: money, substance abuse, sexual relationships, reckless driving, binge eating, and shoplifting (Yahoo Health). In greater detail someone with BPD would have an intense but stormy relationship with marked shifts of feelings and difficulties in maintaining intimate, close connections with others. The person may manipulate others and often has difficulty with trusting others. There is also emotional instability with marked and frequent shifts to an empty lonely depression or to irritability and anxiety. There may be unpredictable a... Free Essays on Borderline Personality Disorder Free Essays on Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline Personality disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe, chronic, disabling, and potentially lethal psychiatric condition. People who suffer with this disorder have extreme and long standing instability in their emotional lives, as well as in their behavior and their self-image. This is a common disorder affecting two percent of the general population. The best evidence indicates that about eleven percent of psychiatric outpatients and nineteen percent of inpatients meet diagnostic criteria for BPD (Kass, et al. 1985). A person with a borderline personality disorder often experiences a repetitive pattern of disorganization and instability in mood and close personal relationships. This can cause significant distress or impairment in friendship and in work. A person with this disorder can often be bright and intelligent, and appear warm, friendly and competent. They sometimes can maintain this appearance for a number of years until their defense structure crumbles, usually around a stressful situation like the break of a romantic relationship or the death of a parent (Corelli). There are many Symptoms of borderline personality disorder such as unstable interpersonal relationships, frequent display of temper, inappropriate anger, recurrent suicide gestures, feelings of emptiness and boredom, intolerance for bring alone and an impulsiveness in at least two of the following areas: money, substance abuse, sexual relationships, reckless driving, binge eating, and shoplifting (Yahoo Health). In greater detail someone with BPD would have an intense but stormy relationship with marked shifts of feelings and difficulties in maintaining intimate, close connections with others. The person may manipulate others and often has difficulty with trusting others. There is also emotional instability with marked and frequent shifts to an empty lonely depression or to irritability and anxiety. There may be unpredictable a... Free Essays on Borderline Personality Disorder â€Å"Borderline Personality Disorder is a severe, chronic, disabling, and potentially lethal psychiatric condition† (BPD Research Foundation). A person with a Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by having a repetitive pattern of mood instability and poor self-image. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) defines Borderline Personality Disorder as: A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1. frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5. 2. a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. 3. identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self. 4. impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5. 5. recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior 6. affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days). 7. chronic feelings of emptiness 8. inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights) 9. transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms (BPD Central, Markovitz, Skodol). BPD is characterized by mood instability and poor self-image. Relationships with others are intense and stormy, very unstable and are difficult in maintaining intimate, cl...

Understanding Evolution Resources

Understanding Evolution Resources Lately, there has been a large push by the federal government to incorporate more STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) in the classroom. The latest incarnation of this initiative is the Next Generation Science Standards. Many states have already adopted these standards and teachers everywhere are reworking their curriculum to make sure all students are proficient at all standards set forth. One of the life science standards that must be integrated into courses (along with various Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, and Engineering standards) is HS-LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity. There are many resources right here at About.com Evolution that can be used to enhance, reinforce, or apply these standards. These are just a few suggestions for how these standards can be taught. HS-LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity Students who demonstrate understanding can: HS-LS4-1 Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence. The first standard that falls under the umbrella of evolution starts off right away with the evidence that backs up evolution. It specifically says multiple lines of evidence. The clarification statement for this standard gives examples like similar DNA sequences, anatomical structures, and embryonic development. Obviously, there is a lot more that can be included that fall into the category of evidence for evolution, like the fossil record and the Endosymbiont Theory. The inclusion of the phrase common ancestry would also include information about the origin of life on Earth and could possibly even encompass how life has changed over Geological Time. With the big push for hands-on learning, it will be important to use activities and labs to increase the understanding of these topics. Lab write-ups would also cover the communicate directive of this standard. There are also Disciplinary Core Ideas that are listed under each standard. For this particular standard, these ideas include LS4.A: Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity. It does, again, put an emphasis on DNA or molecular similarities of all living things. HS-LS4-2: Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment. This standard looks like a lot at first, but after reading through the expectations outlined in it, it is actually quite simple. This is the standard that will be met after explaining natural selection. An emphasis outlined in the framework is on adaptations and especially those in behaviors, morphology, and physiology that help individuals, and ultimately the entire species, survive. It is important to point out there are assessment limitations listed in the standard that other mechanisms of evolution like genetic drift, gene flow through migration, and co-evolution are not covered by assessments for this particular standard. Even though all of the above may affect the natural selection and push it in one direction or another, it is not to be assessed at this level for this standard. The Disciplinary Core Ideas listed that pertain to this standard include LS4.B: Natural Selection and LS4.C: Adaptation. In fact, most of the remaining standards listed under this big idea of Biological Evolution also pertain mostly to natural selection and adaptations. Those standards follow: HS-LS4-3 Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait. HS-LS4-4 Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations. (Emphasis for this standard includes using data to show how changes in the environment contribute to a change in gene frequency and thus leads to adaptation. HS-LS4-5 Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species. The final standard listed under HS-LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity deals with the application of knowledge to an engineering problem. HS-LS4-6 Create or revise a simulation to test a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity. The emphasis for this final standard should be on designing solutions for a proposed problem related to threatened or endangered species or to genetic variation of organisms for multiple species. This standard may take many forms, such as a long-term project that pulls together knowledge from several of these, and other Next Generation Science Standards. One possible type of project that may be adapted to fit this requirement is an Evolution Think-Tac-Toe. Of course, having students choose a topic that interests them and develop a project around that is perhaps the best way to go about meeting this standard.

Lesbian and Gay Parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lesbian and Gay Parenting - Essay Example But the lesbian and gay parents and their children face discrimination and marginalization in the society. So, the mainstream society needs to change because one’s sexual identity is personal can do nothing to the children. Personal experience: The personal experience/interaction section in this work is based upon my personal interaction with lesbian and gay parents and their children, and is divided into two sections: response to reading reflections and intervention with lesbian and gay parents and attempt to unearth the problems faced by them. A. Response to reading reflections From a different angle of view, parenting is not a difficult task for lesbian and gay people, but the process to have children of their own is extremely difficult for them. For instance, lesbian and gay parents cannot have their own children through biological process. So, they are forced to depend upon other methods like adopting a child from an orphanage, depending upon donors who are ready to co-op erate with insemination, and accepting the help of surrogate mothers. On the other side, the lesbian and gay parents are similar to other parents because they show keen interest in the growth and development of their children. ... One can see that the general opinion that the children who are from lesbian and gay families face a number of disadvantages is not true because researches based on the same reject this generalization. Ricketts (1991) makes clear that, â€Å"Studies on gay and lesbian parenting support the position that children are not disadvantaged and, in some cases, receive unique benefit from being reared by gay, lesbian individuals† (p.47). Besides, the lesbian and gay people do not consider their families as different from traditional families and they are ready to raise children. Mizrahi (2008) states that, â€Å"Recent government surveys demonstrate that many lesbians and gay men are already raising children, and more lesbians and gay people would like to have children at some point† (p.245). So, one can easily identify the fact that a child’s parents’ sexual identity or the interest in lesbianism/homosexuality does not harm his or her growth and development. B. In tervention with lesbian and gay parents and attempt to unearth the problems faced by them So as to unearth the problems faced by lesbian and gay parents, I interacted with a number of lesbian and gay parents and their children. Most of the lesbian and gay parents pointed out that they do not feel any difference from other parents. They further added that their sexual identity will not harm their children’s lives because it is personal. But Harding (2011) states that, â€Å"But in certain respects, lesbian and gay parenting remains on the periphery of legal protections for lesbians and gay men, and understandings of the relations of family life for lesbian and gay parents are much less entrenched than considerations of same-sex relationships†(p.5). On the other side, most of the

Define the medical model of health and describe the differences when Essay - 1

Define the medical model of health and describe the differences when compared to the social model of health - Essay Example The concept of social model of health is much advanced than the medical model and is currently being used in the field of medicine, nursing, sociology, health psychology, psychiatry, clinical social work and chiropractic medicine. According to the medical model of health, physical illness is caused by a particular "pathogen" or disease causing organism (Curtis, p.48). The pathogens cause the disease because of which some physical changes occur within the body. The causative factors are not only organisms but some chemical imbalances and genetic predisposition. According to the social model which is commonly known as the biopsychosocial model, illness is caused due to an interplay of a multitude of factors and that most of the times illness results from an interplay of biological factors like pathogens, psychological factors like beliefs and behaviors and social factors like economic status and employment. This model of health was developed by Engel in the 1970s. The psycho aspects of health which this model proposed were cognitions like expectations of health, certain emotions like fear of treatment and important health-related behaviors like consumption of alcohol, smoking, diet and exercise (Curtis, p.53). Emotional turmoil, lack of self-control and negative thinking have been incriminated in the development of disease. The social aspects of health which this model proposed were social drinking, peer group pressure and expectations, social values of health, ethnicity, parental pressure and expectations and social class. The social model of health is basically based on the social cognitive theory (Curtis, p.55). The medical model perceives illness as beyond the control of the individual and thus individuals are not responsible for the illness. Here patients are regarded as victims of external force that causes changes in the internal aspects of the patients. But the social model perceives illness as a combination of several

Open and closed loop control system Essay Example for Free

Open and closed loop control system Essay In this assignment I shall be looking at the differences between open loop control systems, closes loop control systems and also looking at and identifying the input, output and feedback gained. Open Loop Control System The open loop control system is the cheapest form of control system you can have, this is due to its simplicity. The open loop control system has absolutely no artificial intelligence or any form of sensor what so ever. This then means there is nothing controlling the inputs going in to the system, this then means that accuracy may be deficient and the system will not be working to its true efficiency. An example of this kind of system would be that for a microwave. When we turn a microwave on we select the power we want and the time limit we want and away it goes. The thing is, when it is powering itself up, how does it no if its hitting the true temperature we wanted successfully? The answer to this is that is doesnt. Open-loop control is useful for well-defined systems where the relationship between input and the resultant state can be modeled by a mathematical formula. For example determining the voltage to be fed to an electric motor that drives a constant load, in order to achieve a desired speed would be a good application of open-loop control. If the load were not predictable, on the other hand, the motors speed might vary as a function of the load as well as of the voltage, and an open-loop controller would therefore not be sufficient to ensure repeatable control of the velocity. Closed Loop Control System The closed loop control system is rather more expensive to implement than that of its counterpart. This is down to the complexity of the functions that it can complete. The closed loop does have some form of monitoring capabilities and can in fact use sensors ad artificial intelligence well. An example of a closed loop control system would be that of the sprinkler system, where the user sets the desired time for the sprinkler to come on, but instead of juts doing this when set it could read the grass moisture in the first place and then make a split decision in whether it needed to be implemented or not. Control Loop Operations Normally an open loop control system comprises of the following three things, 1. Sensor This is used to measure a value before being passed in to the process 2. Decision Decisions usually follow information from the sensor being collected and analysed. This allows the system to remain up to date and make any appropriate changes accordingly 3. Action This is the action of the computer or comparator altering settings There are two differing types of systems that can be used for control and they are Analogue or digital. The two shall be explained in greater detail below. Digital and Analogue Control Systems. The digital control system is used in the form of a micro controller to control a computer system. A digital controller is usually cascaded with the plant in a feedback system. The rest of the system can either be digital or analog. Some examples of analog systems with a digital feedback controller are:   Aircraft   HVAC   Electric motors   PID controllers   Radar   Robotics   Typically, a digital controller requires: For mixed control types such as digital and analogue systems we need a process of conversion, for example digital to analogue converters (these are called DACS). The opposite can take place, by using an analogue to digital conversion process called ADC. All of these analogue control systems are embedded with micro controllers. These micro controllers have the power to run the systems and comprise of fairly common hardware properties. The typical hardware properties that can be found in the control systems micro controller can be seen below;   CPU This is the central processing unit EPROM Non volatile memory source that doesnt loose its data when the power is switched off   RAM This is the random access memory. I/O These are the input output devises A micro processor will control the control system and process the information in order for it to function correctly. For example, if we have a sprinkler system in the garden as previously described, the inputs and outputs would need to be managed by the micro controller. If the ground was wet, it could check its EPROM (erasable program read only memory) to see what the water density was, and then the process could make a decision and process it appropriately. Below is a list of the inputs that could be put in to this system.   Time for eater to be sprinkled   Required water density in the ground Temperature of the ground   Duration timer Transducers (analogue systems) Usually the forms of input found in the analogue systems are called transducers. There is a specific purpose to doing this and its main reason is down to conversion. If for example we have an electrical input and we want to display it as a picture on the page we must use a television. The transducer in this will be the Cathode ray tube (CRT) which is electromagnetic. When using sensors or transducers the signal must be converted in to an electrical measurement (volts). Below is a list of the possible input devises we can have within a system or a circuit.   Geophone Converts earth tremors in to electrical voltage   Geiger-Muller tube used for measuring radioactivity   Cathode ray tube (CRT) converts electrical signals into visual form When the electrical charge is received it then needs to be converted in to the correct signal type using one of the transducers above, however for these signals to be used correctly we need to obtain the appropriate components. Lamp The input for a lamp is electricity and this is then output as a light source after being converted. This type of power source is used for many things Speaker Gathers electricity from the data source and then is output as a volume so people can hear it. This also has a large application/usage basis   Heat The input again is electricity, this is then converted and output as heat. This is normally found on things like electric fires and car cigarette lighters Motor This is input of electricity and then is output as movement energy. This type of system is used within moving doors.