Free Essays on Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe, chronic, disabling, and potentially lethal psychiatric condition. People who suffer with this disorder have extreme and long standing instability in their emotional lives, as well as in their behavior and their self-image. This is a common disorder affecting two percent of the general population. The best evidence indicates that about eleven percent of psychiatric outpatients and nineteen percent of inpatients meet diagnostic criteria for BPD (Kass, et al. 1985). A person with a borderline personality disorder often experiences a repetitive pattern of disorganization and instability in mood and close personal relationships. This can cause significant distress or impairment in friendship and in work. A person with this disorder can often be bright and intelligent, and appear warm, friendly and competent. They sometimes can maintain this appearance for a number of years until their defense structure crumbles, usually around a stressful situation like the break of a romantic relationship or the death of a parent (Corelli). There are many Symptoms of borderline personality disorder such as unstable interpersonal relationships, frequent display of temper, inappropriate anger, recurrent suicide gestures, feelings of emptiness and boredom, intolerance for bring alone and an impulsiveness in at least two of the following areas: money, substance abuse, sexual relationships, reckless driving, binge eating, and shoplifting (Yahoo Health). In greater detail someone with BPD would have an intense but stormy relationship with marked shifts of feelings and difficulties in maintaining intimate, close connections with others. The person may manipulate others and often has difficulty with trusting others. There is also emotional instability with marked and frequent shifts to an empty lonely depression or to irritability and anxiety. There may be unpredictable a... Free Essays on Borderline Personality Disorder Free Essays on Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline Personality disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe, chronic, disabling, and potentially lethal psychiatric condition. People who suffer with this disorder have extreme and long standing instability in their emotional lives, as well as in their behavior and their self-image. This is a common disorder affecting two percent of the general population. The best evidence indicates that about eleven percent of psychiatric outpatients and nineteen percent of inpatients meet diagnostic criteria for BPD (Kass, et al. 1985). A person with a borderline personality disorder often experiences a repetitive pattern of disorganization and instability in mood and close personal relationships. This can cause significant distress or impairment in friendship and in work. A person with this disorder can often be bright and intelligent, and appear warm, friendly and competent. They sometimes can maintain this appearance for a number of years until their defense structure crumbles, usually around a stressful situation like the break of a romantic relationship or the death of a parent (Corelli). There are many Symptoms of borderline personality disorder such as unstable interpersonal relationships, frequent display of temper, inappropriate anger, recurrent suicide gestures, feelings of emptiness and boredom, intolerance for bring alone and an impulsiveness in at least two of the following areas: money, substance abuse, sexual relationships, reckless driving, binge eating, and shoplifting (Yahoo Health). In greater detail someone with BPD would have an intense but stormy relationship with marked shifts of feelings and difficulties in maintaining intimate, close connections with others. The person may manipulate others and often has difficulty with trusting others. There is also emotional instability with marked and frequent shifts to an empty lonely depression or to irritability and anxiety. There may be unpredictable a... Free Essays on Borderline Personality Disorder â€Å"Borderline Personality Disorder is a severe, chronic, disabling, and potentially lethal psychiatric condition† (BPD Research Foundation). A person with a Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by having a repetitive pattern of mood instability and poor self-image. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) defines Borderline Personality Disorder as: A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1. frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5. 2. a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. 3. identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self. 4. impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5. 5. recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior 6. affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days). 7. chronic feelings of emptiness 8. inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights) 9. transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms (BPD Central, Markovitz, Skodol). BPD is characterized by mood instability and poor self-image. Relationships with others are intense and stormy, very unstable and are difficult in maintaining intimate, cl...

Understanding Evolution Resources

Understanding Evolution Resources Lately, there has been a large push by the federal government to incorporate more STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) in the classroom. The latest incarnation of this initiative is the Next Generation Science Standards. Many states have already adopted these standards and teachers everywhere are reworking their curriculum to make sure all students are proficient at all standards set forth. One of the life science standards that must be integrated into courses (along with various Physical Science, Earth and Space Science, and Engineering standards) is HS-LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity. There are many resources right here at About.com Evolution that can be used to enhance, reinforce, or apply these standards. These are just a few suggestions for how these standards can be taught. HS-LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity Students who demonstrate understanding can: HS-LS4-1 Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence. The first standard that falls under the umbrella of evolution starts off right away with the evidence that backs up evolution. It specifically says multiple lines of evidence. The clarification statement for this standard gives examples like similar DNA sequences, anatomical structures, and embryonic development. Obviously, there is a lot more that can be included that fall into the category of evidence for evolution, like the fossil record and the Endosymbiont Theory. The inclusion of the phrase common ancestry would also include information about the origin of life on Earth and could possibly even encompass how life has changed over Geological Time. With the big push for hands-on learning, it will be important to use activities and labs to increase the understanding of these topics. Lab write-ups would also cover the communicate directive of this standard. There are also Disciplinary Core Ideas that are listed under each standard. For this particular standard, these ideas include LS4.A: Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity. It does, again, put an emphasis on DNA or molecular similarities of all living things. HS-LS4-2: Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment. This standard looks like a lot at first, but after reading through the expectations outlined in it, it is actually quite simple. This is the standard that will be met after explaining natural selection. An emphasis outlined in the framework is on adaptations and especially those in behaviors, morphology, and physiology that help individuals, and ultimately the entire species, survive. It is important to point out there are assessment limitations listed in the standard that other mechanisms of evolution like genetic drift, gene flow through migration, and co-evolution are not covered by assessments for this particular standard. Even though all of the above may affect the natural selection and push it in one direction or another, it is not to be assessed at this level for this standard. The Disciplinary Core Ideas listed that pertain to this standard include LS4.B: Natural Selection and LS4.C: Adaptation. In fact, most of the remaining standards listed under this big idea of Biological Evolution also pertain mostly to natural selection and adaptations. Those standards follow: HS-LS4-3 Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait. HS-LS4-4 Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations. (Emphasis for this standard includes using data to show how changes in the environment contribute to a change in gene frequency and thus leads to adaptation. HS-LS4-5 Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species. The final standard listed under HS-LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity deals with the application of knowledge to an engineering problem. HS-LS4-6 Create or revise a simulation to test a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity. The emphasis for this final standard should be on designing solutions for a proposed problem related to threatened or endangered species or to genetic variation of organisms for multiple species. This standard may take many forms, such as a long-term project that pulls together knowledge from several of these, and other Next Generation Science Standards. One possible type of project that may be adapted to fit this requirement is an Evolution Think-Tac-Toe. Of course, having students choose a topic that interests them and develop a project around that is perhaps the best way to go about meeting this standard.

Lesbian and Gay Parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lesbian and Gay Parenting - Essay Example But the lesbian and gay parents and their children face discrimination and marginalization in the society. So, the mainstream society needs to change because one’s sexual identity is personal can do nothing to the children. Personal experience: The personal experience/interaction section in this work is based upon my personal interaction with lesbian and gay parents and their children, and is divided into two sections: response to reading reflections and intervention with lesbian and gay parents and attempt to unearth the problems faced by them. A. Response to reading reflections From a different angle of view, parenting is not a difficult task for lesbian and gay people, but the process to have children of their own is extremely difficult for them. For instance, lesbian and gay parents cannot have their own children through biological process. So, they are forced to depend upon other methods like adopting a child from an orphanage, depending upon donors who are ready to co-op erate with insemination, and accepting the help of surrogate mothers. On the other side, the lesbian and gay parents are similar to other parents because they show keen interest in the growth and development of their children. ... One can see that the general opinion that the children who are from lesbian and gay families face a number of disadvantages is not true because researches based on the same reject this generalization. Ricketts (1991) makes clear that, â€Å"Studies on gay and lesbian parenting support the position that children are not disadvantaged and, in some cases, receive unique benefit from being reared by gay, lesbian individuals† (p.47). Besides, the lesbian and gay people do not consider their families as different from traditional families and they are ready to raise children. Mizrahi (2008) states that, â€Å"Recent government surveys demonstrate that many lesbians and gay men are already raising children, and more lesbians and gay people would like to have children at some point† (p.245). So, one can easily identify the fact that a child’s parents’ sexual identity or the interest in lesbianism/homosexuality does not harm his or her growth and development. B. In tervention with lesbian and gay parents and attempt to unearth the problems faced by them So as to unearth the problems faced by lesbian and gay parents, I interacted with a number of lesbian and gay parents and their children. Most of the lesbian and gay parents pointed out that they do not feel any difference from other parents. They further added that their sexual identity will not harm their children’s lives because it is personal. But Harding (2011) states that, â€Å"But in certain respects, lesbian and gay parenting remains on the periphery of legal protections for lesbians and gay men, and understandings of the relations of family life for lesbian and gay parents are much less entrenched than considerations of same-sex relationships†(p.5). On the other side, most of the

Define the medical model of health and describe the differences when Essay - 1

Define the medical model of health and describe the differences when compared to the social model of health - Essay Example The concept of social model of health is much advanced than the medical model and is currently being used in the field of medicine, nursing, sociology, health psychology, psychiatry, clinical social work and chiropractic medicine. According to the medical model of health, physical illness is caused by a particular "pathogen" or disease causing organism (Curtis, p.48). The pathogens cause the disease because of which some physical changes occur within the body. The causative factors are not only organisms but some chemical imbalances and genetic predisposition. According to the social model which is commonly known as the biopsychosocial model, illness is caused due to an interplay of a multitude of factors and that most of the times illness results from an interplay of biological factors like pathogens, psychological factors like beliefs and behaviors and social factors like economic status and employment. This model of health was developed by Engel in the 1970s. The psycho aspects of health which this model proposed were cognitions like expectations of health, certain emotions like fear of treatment and important health-related behaviors like consumption of alcohol, smoking, diet and exercise (Curtis, p.53). Emotional turmoil, lack of self-control and negative thinking have been incriminated in the development of disease. The social aspects of health which this model proposed were social drinking, peer group pressure and expectations, social values of health, ethnicity, parental pressure and expectations and social class. The social model of health is basically based on the social cognitive theory (Curtis, p.55). The medical model perceives illness as beyond the control of the individual and thus individuals are not responsible for the illness. Here patients are regarded as victims of external force that causes changes in the internal aspects of the patients. But the social model perceives illness as a combination of several

Open and closed loop control system Essay Example for Free

Open and closed loop control system Essay In this assignment I shall be looking at the differences between open loop control systems, closes loop control systems and also looking at and identifying the input, output and feedback gained. Open Loop Control System The open loop control system is the cheapest form of control system you can have, this is due to its simplicity. The open loop control system has absolutely no artificial intelligence or any form of sensor what so ever. This then means there is nothing controlling the inputs going in to the system, this then means that accuracy may be deficient and the system will not be working to its true efficiency. An example of this kind of system would be that for a microwave. When we turn a microwave on we select the power we want and the time limit we want and away it goes. The thing is, when it is powering itself up, how does it no if its hitting the true temperature we wanted successfully? The answer to this is that is doesnt. Open-loop control is useful for well-defined systems where the relationship between input and the resultant state can be modeled by a mathematical formula. For example determining the voltage to be fed to an electric motor that drives a constant load, in order to achieve a desired speed would be a good application of open-loop control. If the load were not predictable, on the other hand, the motors speed might vary as a function of the load as well as of the voltage, and an open-loop controller would therefore not be sufficient to ensure repeatable control of the velocity. Closed Loop Control System The closed loop control system is rather more expensive to implement than that of its counterpart. This is down to the complexity of the functions that it can complete. The closed loop does have some form of monitoring capabilities and can in fact use sensors ad artificial intelligence well. An example of a closed loop control system would be that of the sprinkler system, where the user sets the desired time for the sprinkler to come on, but instead of juts doing this when set it could read the grass moisture in the first place and then make a split decision in whether it needed to be implemented or not. Control Loop Operations Normally an open loop control system comprises of the following three things, 1. Sensor This is used to measure a value before being passed in to the process 2. Decision Decisions usually follow information from the sensor being collected and analysed. This allows the system to remain up to date and make any appropriate changes accordingly 3. Action This is the action of the computer or comparator altering settings There are two differing types of systems that can be used for control and they are Analogue or digital. The two shall be explained in greater detail below. Digital and Analogue Control Systems. The digital control system is used in the form of a micro controller to control a computer system. A digital controller is usually cascaded with the plant in a feedback system. The rest of the system can either be digital or analog. Some examples of analog systems with a digital feedback controller are:   Aircraft   HVAC   Electric motors   PID controllers   Radar   Robotics   Typically, a digital controller requires: For mixed control types such as digital and analogue systems we need a process of conversion, for example digital to analogue converters (these are called DACS). The opposite can take place, by using an analogue to digital conversion process called ADC. All of these analogue control systems are embedded with micro controllers. These micro controllers have the power to run the systems and comprise of fairly common hardware properties. The typical hardware properties that can be found in the control systems micro controller can be seen below;   CPU This is the central processing unit EPROM Non volatile memory source that doesnt loose its data when the power is switched off   RAM This is the random access memory. I/O These are the input output devises A micro processor will control the control system and process the information in order for it to function correctly. For example, if we have a sprinkler system in the garden as previously described, the inputs and outputs would need to be managed by the micro controller. If the ground was wet, it could check its EPROM (erasable program read only memory) to see what the water density was, and then the process could make a decision and process it appropriately. Below is a list of the inputs that could be put in to this system.   Time for eater to be sprinkled   Required water density in the ground Temperature of the ground   Duration timer Transducers (analogue systems) Usually the forms of input found in the analogue systems are called transducers. There is a specific purpose to doing this and its main reason is down to conversion. If for example we have an electrical input and we want to display it as a picture on the page we must use a television. The transducer in this will be the Cathode ray tube (CRT) which is electromagnetic. When using sensors or transducers the signal must be converted in to an electrical measurement (volts). Below is a list of the possible input devises we can have within a system or a circuit.   Geophone Converts earth tremors in to electrical voltage   Geiger-Muller tube used for measuring radioactivity   Cathode ray tube (CRT) converts electrical signals into visual form When the electrical charge is received it then needs to be converted in to the correct signal type using one of the transducers above, however for these signals to be used correctly we need to obtain the appropriate components. Lamp The input for a lamp is electricity and this is then output as a light source after being converted. This type of power source is used for many things Speaker Gathers electricity from the data source and then is output as a volume so people can hear it. This also has a large application/usage basis   Heat The input again is electricity, this is then converted and output as heat. This is normally found on things like electric fires and car cigarette lighters Motor This is input of electricity and then is output as movement energy. This type of system is used within moving doors.

Grisham Essay -- essays research papers

John Grisham once said of his own writing, â€Å"I write grab readers. This isn’t serious literature.† (John Grisham CLC, 189) Serious literature or not, Grisham has written nine best-selling novels, many of which were also made into very successful movies. Before starting to write professionally, Grisham was a lawyer in Southhaven, Mississippi, which has provided him with plentiful ideas for legal storylines. In many of his novels, Grisham has on ongoing link of novice lawyers who uncover and overcome flaws in the legal system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Influences during Grisham’s childhood and adult life have helped to shape his writing career. His family moved around a great deal during his childhood. Eventually, they settled in Southaven, Mississippi. (Brandstrom, 2) Grisham was an athlete in high school and decided he was going to play either professional football or baseball. After high school, he went to Northwest Junior College to play baseball. After one year, he transferred to Delta State for more baseball opportunities. While at Delta State, his grades suffered and he decided he wasn’t ment to be a baseball player. In 1975 Grisham transferred again to Mississippi State University as and accounting major. (2) While at MSU, he started writing two books, neither of which was finished. (3) In 1977, Grisham received an undergraduate degree in accounting from MSU. He then went to the University of Mississippi and received his law degree in 1981. Grisham went back to Southaven in 1982 and establi shed his first law firm. One year later, he was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives.(1) He now had he time to start a new book, which he finished in 1985. He called it Deathknell, but the publisher changed to name to A Time to Kill. The book published a mere five thousand copies during the first print. Grisham immediately went to work on his second book called The Firm. This hugely successful started Grisham on his new profession as an author. He moved to Oxford and has been writing one book per year ever since. Grisham’s courtroom skills never suffered and in 1996 he took time off from writing to return to the place where his career began, the courtroom. This was to fulfill a promise he made to the family of a railroad man killed at work. He prepared the case with the same passion as the characters he writes about and won the biggest verdict of h... ... haunt him. Brock learns that Hardy had been in and out of homeless shelters most of his life, but he had recently begun paying rent in a rundown building; that means he has legal recourse when a big money-making outfit such as Sweeny & Drake boots him with no warning. When Brock realizes that his profession caters to the morally challenged, he sets out on an aimless search through the rougher side of D.C., ending up at the 14th Street Legal Clinic. The clinic's director, a large man named Mordecai Green, woos Brock to the clinic with a $90,000 cut in pay and the chance to redeem his soul. Brock takes it--and some of the story's credibility along with it; it's hard to believe that a Yale graduate who sacrificed everything--including his marriage--to succeed in the legal profession would quickly jump at the opportunity for low-paying, charitable work.(56-90) Brock settles the dispute of the wrongly evicted squatters and thus solves a problem within the legal system. Now, it may se em as though Michael Brock is not a novice lawyer. In reality, he is not novice to law, but he is very much a novice to street law. Although this is a new twist, Grisham’s link continued in this story.

M&M’s are commonly used as candy, but are they really?

M&M's (named after the surnames of the company founders Mars & Murrie[2]) are dragee-like â€Å"colorful button-shaped candies†[1] produced by Mars, Incorporated. The candy shells, each of which has the letter â€Å"m† printed in lower case on one side, surround a variety of fillings, including milk chocolate, dark chocolate, crisped rice, mint chocolate, peanuts, almonds, orange chocolate, coconut, pretzel, wild cherry, and peanut butter. M&M's originated in the United States in 1941, and are now sold in over 100 countries. [1] They are produced in different colors, some of which have changed over the years. The difference between the different colored M&Ms is the dye added to the outer coating. In July 2006, Dark Chocolate M&M's reappeared in a purple package, followed in 2007 by Dark Chocolate Peanut M&M's. Also in 2006, the company piloted White Chocolate M&M's as a tie-in with their Pirates of the Caribbean promotion. The company also offered eight new flavors of M&M's via online sales, as well as at M&M's World locations: â€Å"All That Razz†; â€Å"Eat, Drink, & Be Cherry†; â€Å"A Day at the Peach†; â€Å"Orange-U-Glad†; â€Å"Mint Condition†; â€Å"AlmonDeeLicious†; â€Å"Nut What You Think† and â€Å"Cookie Minster†. Mars also released a â€Å"Crispy Mint† variety in Australia that year. [citation needed] Also in 2006, M&M's became the official chocolate of NASCAR. In 2007, M&M's introduced a limited-edition raspberry flavor called â€Å"M&M's Razzberry Chocolate Candies. â€Å"[citation needed] Also in 2007, M&M's produced a 50-foot, smiling Lady Liberty M&M statue to kick off a campaign encouraging Americans to create their own M&M characters at mms. com. The website allows for people to log in and create their own character from scratch. They choose everything from the color and shape to hair and accessories. During the 2008 Valentine's Day season Mars introduced bags of all-green M&M's. This was due to common urban folklore that holds green M&M's to be an aphrodisiac. [20] They were brought back for Valentine's Day 2009 alongside the â€Å"Ms. Green Heats Up Valentine's Day† contest. In 2008, two new limited-edition varieties of the candy were introduced – â€Å"Wildly Cherry† M&M's, and, as a marketing tie-in with the film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, â€Å"Mint Crisp† M&M's. [citation needed] M&M's also introduced another new product called â€Å"M&M's Premiums† in 2008. They come in five flavors – chocolate almond, mint chocolate, mocha, raspberry almond and triple chocolate (milk, dark, and white chocolate), which are sold in small upright cartons with a plastic bag inside. M&M's Premiums do not have a candy shell, but are coated with carnauba wax and color. Dark Chocolate was added in 2009, replacing Mocha. [citation needed] During summer of 2008, My M&M's launched ‘Faces,' which allows consumers to print the faces of loved ones on M&M's chocolate candies. citation needed] In January 2009, three new â€Å"shimmering† colors were added to the list of custom printable colors. The colors in this collection have a pearlescent finish. [21] In February 2009, M&M's launched â€Å"M&M’S Color Break-Up† Promotion in Australia where colors were sold in separate packs (one for each color): the packs included a code to win prizes. [22] In S ummer 2009, M&M's launched a limited-edition â€Å"Strawberried Peanut Butter† variant to tie in with the release of Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. In addition, M&M's launched a limited edition â€Å"Coconut M&M's. † In July 2009, a study showed that a dye similar to that in blue M&M's showed benefits in helping paralyzed rats to walk again. [23] In April 2010, M&M's launched a new â€Å"pretzel variety. † Pretzel M&M's do not have any yellow M&M's. [24] In early 2010, M&M's Bare All were released as part of a competition in Australia and New Zealand. [25] M&M's Bare All winning packs were ordinary M&M's, but without shells (and hence had no colours). An official website, http://m-msbareall. com. au/, was launched, along with television advertisements. [26] About the time pretzel M&M'S came out, the M&M'S wrapper designs in the U. S. were redone, from the old design, used from 2004-early 2010. Almond, Dark chocolate, and Dark chocolate peanut are currently only available in larger sizes. For Spring 2011, M&M's are available in milk chocolate â€Å"Spring Pastels. † The colors are all lighter and come in yellow, pink, purple, blue and green. On them, the M is blue and some feature ei ther a blue duck, sheep head, or bunny ears and face with the eyes a blue letter M, which is slightly smaller. They were created so that little shell that contains them enables them to â€Å"Melt in your mouth, NOT in your hand! â€Å"

Duties and Responsibilities Essay

As everybody know, to be responsible and accomplish with your duties, is one of the most important things around the world in the labor area. Without being responsible and do whatever you are supposed to do, practically, you are out of your job. As and future officer of the United States Army, we must know which ones are our duties and responsibilities in order to accomplish them and make our team look sharp and right. Due to constants changes in the army, we never know which position we or our fellow soldier are going to occupy. Thus, here you will see the duties and responsibilities of leadership positions from company commander to squad leader in order to make the reader understand why is so important to know what, when, where and why is your position so important. The company commander or CO is one of the most important positions in a company. The CO is responsible for everything the company does or fails to do, as an all. The CO is responsible for the training, discipline, administration and welfare of the soldier/ cadets in the company. He or she is the one who will receive the warning order (WARNO), formulates operation order (OPORD), creates plan and time line for every activity to do, supervise all trainings and coordinates with the cadre for detailed instructions. The CO leads by personal example and influence others to accomplish their duties and responsibilities. The executive office or XO is the second in command in a company. He or she primary role is to assist the commander in mission planning and accomplishment. The XO frees the company commander from routine details and passes pertinent data, information and insight to the commander and ensures suspense’s are met by the platoon leaders. In addition to that the XO is responsible for the safety and risk assessment of all company events, thus, prepare OPORD’s safety paragraph. The XO performs all other duties as assigned by the company commander. The first Sargent or 1SG, just like the company commander is the responsible for everything the company does or fails to do. Usually is the most experienced soldier/ cadet in the company. The 1SG is the commander’s primary tactical advisor and expert on individual and NCO skills. The 1SG helps the commander plan, coordinate and supervise all activities that support the company or unit mission. He or she writes and presents paragraph IV (Service and Support) of the company OPORD, makes necessary announcements at PT and at lab, responsible for gathering all accountability and sending it up the chain of command, keeps company training running according to the time line, makes sure all information is disseminated to the PSGs and has accountability at all times and supervises PSGs and SLs. The platoon leader or PL is the responsible for the entire platoon does or fails to do. In the conduct of duties, consults platoon Sargent in all matters related to the platoon. The PL leads platoon in supporting higher headquarters missions, looks ahead to the next move for the platoon, requests and controls supporting assets and issues accurate and timely reports. In addition to that the PL places self where most needed to accomplish the mission and understands the mission and commanders’ intent two levels up. The platoon sergeant or PSG is usually a senior NCO in the platoon and second in command. The PSG sets the example in everything and is the responsible for the care of personnel, weapons and equipment in platoon. As second in command, the PSG assumes duties as assigned by the PL. In addition to that, ensures platoon is prepared to accomplish mission, prepares to assume the role and responsibilities of PL, acts where best needed to help mission command the engagement, organize platoon formations and control movement of the platoon. The squad leader or SL is the responsible for all the squad does or fails to do, directs team leaders and leads by personal example. The SL has authority over subordinates and overall responsibility for those subordinates’ actions and is responsible for the care of personnel. In addition to that, the SL ensure the squad is in proper uniform with proper equipment for training,  lead a supervise the squad, personally prepare and inspect the squad for all missions, keep squad accountability and report to the PSG, control movement of the squad, prepare and submit reports and prepare and issue the squad OPORD. In conclusion, it does not matter what position we are going to occupy, we need to make that our fellow soldiers are doing what they have to do. The duties and responsibilities of every single leadership position is based on take into consideration that a leader is supposed to know and understand their people. He or she knows their strengths and weaknesses as well as what motivates and frustrates them. So, in order to be successful and accomplish all our obligations, first, we need assume our position, always seeking for the welfare of our team.

Counseling and divorce

Counseling and divorce Executive Summary Counseling is an essential aspect in the field of psychology. This principle was introduced so as an avenue of tackling issues that require a third party in any given situation. Counseling has a number of counseling tools that guide a counselor on how to approach each situation. There are a variety of life changing situations that may cause a strain to the normal development of an individual (Sells Yarhouse, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Counseling and divorce specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These situations may be permanent or temporary, avoidable or unavoidable depending on the circumstance at hand. One of the ways a person can overcome these changes and move forward is through guidance and counseling. Counseling enables an affected party to cope with their current state so as to maintain their previous mental, physical and emotional state before the infliction of change. It is thus ideal to analyze the components of counseling in relation to the provided topic. As stated earlier, life changing situations cause a person to lose ground making them vulnerable to the rest of society. A common life changing experience that people go through is divorce (Worthington, 2005). Divorce takes place in different stages depending on the cultural background of the involved persons. Divorce in the country continues to rise due to the change in cultural perceptions in society. A counselor has to establish a sense of ethics so as to represent the principles involved when approaching each situation. The different approaches taken by the counselor determines the improvement experienced during therapy. Dealing with divorce requires a proper understanding of the stages experienced during the whole process. Proper understanding of the patient’s stages assists the counselor in examining the patient who in turn achieves a healthy mental state (Blocher, 2000). Introduction One of the present issues that communities face in a large magnitude is the dynamic of divorce. Divorce is basically the end of a marriage or union that binds two people whose unity is recognized by society. Divorce affects the people involved and the immediate surrounding, making it a key issue in present day. The end of a marriage is one of the most difficult experiences to undergo in any cultural setting. One of the end results of divorce is the change of the emotional and mental state of an individual. The use of counseling is thus recommended as a problem solving tool. In order to approach any counseling topic, a counselor needs to identify a number of elements that shape the study.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This in turn, dictates on the way a counselor approaches each circumstance. A look at the principles of counseling in regard to dealing with i ssues of divorce requires a number of procedures for success to be achieved. This leads to a proper understanding of the growth effectiveness of family counseling over the years (Orlans Van, 2009). The focus of this paper is to provide an analysis of components of counseling in a cultural and a multicultural settings. Counseling comprises of principles that control the field and all the aspects that are involved. The paper looks at the observation of counseling and the ethical research practices followed when conducting counseling. The topic in this case is divorce in the country and the role of counseling in such situations. The paper entails the discussion of principles of responsible research conduct in the counseling field that involves the description of problems in the past studies that have encouraged the development of ethical standards. The paper looks at the various ethical considerations in conducting a research study. This is summed up with the analysis of the central c omponents of the counseling as a field in psychology. The above is done with the consideration of the topic at hand which is divorce in the country. The paper further provides a concluding paragraph that summarizes the components of the research and the way forward. Counseling as a field in psychology Counseling as a profession has changed over the years due to change in a number of variable aspects. This change is brought about by a number of conducted researches that seek to define the modern approach of the current situation. It is significant to understand the initial stages of counseling so as to recognize the changes experienced over the years. This involves the proper understanding of the history of counseling and its role in the advancement in psychology. Counseling was introduced in the country in the 1950s owing to the recognition of the vitality of its contribution to understanding the mental state of an individual. Counseling has as a result made major strides which have changed the society’s perception of the field (Perry, 2008). The early forms of counseling are traced to the collaboration of a number of credible societies at the time. Another factor that proved to be a major contributor to the growth of counseling is the occurrence of the world wars. The world wars changed the political, social economic and environmental state of the country and its citizens. Early counseling had some disadvantages such as lack of ethics and proper diagnosis of a patient.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Counseling and divorce specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This created a negative attitude towards counselors and therapist thus slowing the development of the industry (Worthington, 2005). Most of the affected individuals changed their view of the normal life they were accustomed to. It was difficult to communicate with people undergoing such situations making the intervention from a professional the ideal way to interject. The introduction of family counseling was thus recommended to all people who displayed a change in character as a result of their involvement of the war. This step resorted to a number of discovering which acted in favor of the use of counseling as problem solving tool. Most of the issues were related to the world war at the time making it the central issue. This however, changed on the introduction of counseling of number issues such as marriage, family, professional, educational and career. The merging of counseling with a number of life experiences led to improvement of the emotional condition of individuals. This in turn, created the conduction of a number of research topics that paved the way of modern counseling. One of the essential changes made to the field was the definition of the principles and ethics in the trade (Blocher, 2000). Ethics is a significant concept to observe when practicing counseling. Counseling involves listenin g to the issues of an individual so as to offer guidance. This should be done without interference of personal opinions and gain. It is difficult to observe ethical counseling due to the fact that counselors are also human beings. It is therefore expected for personal experiences to influence the proper judgment of a professional. Ethics involves respecting the current condition of the patient without passing judgment. Another ethical aspect looks at the observation of confidentiality between the patient and the counselor.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is difficult to observe in that some of the information revealed in the counseling room is beneficial to outside parties. Maintaining ethics in counseling enables patients to feel comfortable so that they can respond to their treatment adequately. It thus considered one of the key principles when taking on the responsibility of being a counselor (Perry, 2008). Another factor to take into consideration when offering counseling is the difference in the cultural practices. Culture is a way of life since it determines the way individuals perceive different situations, events and practices. One of the elements of culture is its aspect of diversity. A cultural practice that is accepted in one place can be completely deified in another place. Proper understanding of a person’s culture is thus essential when offering counseling. Multicultural situations also dictate on the way a counselor approaches an issue. Being culturally sensitive entails learning about the different forms of cultural and ethical diversities. This acquaints a counselor with the level of tolerance of each patient has (Worthington, 2005). Divorce in the United States As stated earlier, divorce is the permanent dissolution and separation of two people who are legally bound in a marriage. This is one of the most difficult experiences owing to the societal view of the divorce being associated with failure. The rate of divorce is on the rise making the issue more critical than ever. A number of coping factors have been introduced to overcome the hardships that come with the situation at hand. These factors are, however, effective depending on the culture. The possibility of divorce brings forth the change of the circumstances of people involved. These changes are life changing and thus act as a barrier to the progress one needs to move to the next stage in life. In order to tackle divorce associated issues one has to understand the major causes of divorce amongst married couples (Orlans Va n, 2009). Marriage is presumed to be everlasting in the fact that a couple should only be separated by death. This notion is defined by a number of authoritative references such as the Bible and the Koran which influence the cultural practice of a particular community. Society relies on young couples to continue the growth and sustainability of the family though reproduction. This makes marriage arguably one of the vital goals of each individual in society. Having a successful family provides a backbone for the improvement of any society. This is initiated with a prosperous marriage that entails the healthy union of a couple (Worthington, 2005). The perception of Marriage has been changed over the years owing to the change of culture. In the past communities were not regularly accustomed to issues of divorce and separation due to shame and condemnation by the public. This made married couples strive to make their unions successful by avoiding all forms of scandals. Some argue that m arriages in the past experienced the same difficulties and challenges as that of the present. The only difference is that people in the past preserved all the hardships to avoid any form of judgment by the watchful community. The change in social causes such as globalization, education, human rights, women rights and the economic state of the country have influenced the dynamics of this institution. This has in turn, changed the views of the majority of the communities making people understand the divorced. Despite the change of the perception of divorce by society, people are still forced to avoid the occurrence due to the level of turmoil experienced during the event. Divorce is thus defined by the change of one’s comfortable situation to a different or alternative state. This change is uncertain since it affects the economic and social aspects of a person’s lifestyle. Divorce varies from couple to couple making the solution and approach different in each case. It is thus the responsibility of the counselor to recognize the problems at hand (Blocher, 2000). Approaches taken during counseling divorced parties Counseling is one of the recommended steps when two people are undergoing a divorce. People going through divorce stand to lose a lot apart from their spouses, for instance, their economic status, social status, acquaintances and custody of their children. This is a significant change owing to the amount of dedication involved when forming these relationships. Losing some of these relationships changes the entire life of an individual. Divorce also disrupts the life of a person in that they have to build their life from scratch. This requires an enormous amount of work and dedication which in most cases is not easily attained. People undergoing divorce are recommended to seek alternative forms of advice and counseling apart from their family. This is to remove any forms of influence from a relative or friend of one of the divorcees (Worthin gton, 2005). Taking on alternative advice from a third party is, therefore, one of the recommended choices to make. Counseling services can be provided from professional in the community depending on their qualification in the field. The most recognized form of however requires the use of a therapist who is well equipped with the psychological knowhow in the field. A therapist is well versed with the various mental states a person experiences from the loss of life to divorce (Orlans Van, 2009). America is one of the leading countries that records the highest divorce rates. More than fifty percent of the country’s population have either gone through a divorce or they originate from the divorced families. The society is, therefore, knowledgeable about the effects of divorce on an individual. A therapist should be able to to provide the patient guidance on the way forward. Divorce is a culturally sensitive topic following the level of diversity in the country. It is essential f or a counselor to remove all forms of bias without ignoring the different cultural aspects in each case. A number of methodologies are recommended when dealing with multicultural issues. Counseling research is thus pivotal in the fact that it creates awareness of the new forms of research available in the field. The ethical and theoretical foundations of multicultural research ensure that a counselor observes the different behavioral patens and character traits displayed by each person (Perry, 2008). Dealing with divorce Professional counseling requires a therapist to distance oneself from the primary parties in this situation. This, however, allows for the counselor to acquire all forms of personal information which dictate the advice to give. A counselor should be able to identify the state a patient is witnessing in order to provide an analysis of their mental and emotional reaction. One of the theories that a counselor uses to form a precise understanding of different stages and developments is conducting an examination on the developments of patients from the inception of the treatment (Sells Yarhouse, 2011). There are different stages that people display when receiving guidance from a therapist. The first stages portray emotions of anger, grief, shame and anxiety. All these character traits are reflective of the emotions and mental feelings that the patient undergoes. The cultural background of the patient is a major factor since it influences the amount of time taken to overcome these stages. A counselor should look into the different alternatives available to the patient so as to provide the correct form of advice. Despite the significant role diversity influences the process of divorce, the patients show the same feelings such as personal failure. The failure of a marriage may lead to different emotional states such as depression, hopelessness and low self esteem. Therapy enables a person to acquire a new perspective on the way forward in their new l ife (Perry, 2008). An essential aspect in divorce is the future of the children. Children turn out to be the most affected persons when a couple divorces. The children are at the center of conflict due to their connection to both parents. Children are also in their early stages of development and are more vulnerable to the outcomes of the divorce. Therapist should actively involve the parents in the progress of their children. This as a result solves a number of issues such as acting out amongst their peers and in school. The main aim of counseling is to restore the previous healthy state that a person experienced before the event. Both parties thus have to come to an understanding on the direction they would like their relationship to progress. Divorces last for as long as ten years due to the fight of interested parties such as custody and property. Counseling eases the hardships that people in this situation undergo making the process progress in the long run. Conclusion The chan ge in society continues to affect the rate of divorce in and outside the country. Most marriages end as a result of lack of understanding of their spouses. The inability to reconcile marital differences acts as a cause for a lifelong journey. It is inevitable to control the rate of divorce due to the fact that it is a personal affaire. Society should thus aim at ensuring people to cope well with it when exposed to such situations. One of the recent introductions in the field of psychology is the provision of counseling for people experiencing divorce. Counseling uses the principles of psychology to analyze, examine and diagnose issues and challenges faced. This as a result creates a health environment whereby the growth and sustainability of the members of the community can continue to prevail. References Blocher, D. H. (2000). The evolution of counseling psychology. New York: Springer. Orlans, V., Van, S. S. (2009). A short introduction to counselling psychology. Los Angeles: SAGE . Perry, C. W. (2008). Basic counseling techniques: A beginning therapists tool kit. Bloomington, IN: Author House. Sells, J. N., Yarhouse, M. A. (2011). Counseling couples in conflict: A relational restoration model. Downers Grove, Ill: IVP Academic. Worthington, E. L. (2005). Hope-focused marriage counseling: A guide to brief therapy. Downers Grove, Ill: InterVarsity Press.

Treaty of Paris 1898

Treaty of Paris 1898 The Treaty of Paris (1898) was the peace treaty signed on December 10, 1898 by Spain and the United States that ended the Spanish-American War. The terms of the treaty also ended the age of Spanish imperialism and established the United States as a world power. Key Takeaways: The Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris, signed on December 10, 1898, was a peace agreement between Spain and the United States that ended the Spanish-American War.Under the treaty, Cuba gained independence from Spain, and the United States gained possession of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.Marking the end of Spanish imperialism, the treaty established the United States’ position as a world power. The Spanish-American War The 1898 war between the United States and Spain came after three years of fighting by Cuban rebels to win independence from Spain. Happening so close to the coast of Florida, the conflict in Cuba transfixed Americans. Concerns for U.S. economic interests in the region, along with the American public’s outrage over the brutal tactics of the Spanish military spurred public sympathy for the Cuban revolutionaries. With tensions between the U.S. and Spain growing, the explosion of the U.S. battleship Maine in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898 brought the two nations to the brink of war.   On April 20, 1898, the United States Congress passed a joint resolution acknowledging Cuban independence, demanding that Spain abandon its control of the island, and authorizing President William McKinley to use military force. When Spain ignored the U.S. ultimatum, McKinley implemented a naval blockade of Cuba and called for 125,000 U.S. military volunteers. Spain declared war on the United States on April 24, and the U.S. Congress voted to declare war against Spain the next day.   The first battle of the Spanish-American War was fought on May 1, 1898 in Manila Bay, where U.S. naval forces defeated the Spanish armada defending the Philippines. Between June 10 and June 24, U.S. troops invaded Cuba at Guantanamo Bay and Santiago de Cuba. With the Spanish Army in Cuba defeated, the U.S. Navy destroyed the Spanish Caribbean armada on July 3. On July 26, the Spanish government asked the McKinley administration to discuss terms of peace. On August 12, a cease-fire was declared with the understanding that a peace treaty must be negotiated in Paris by October. Negotiations in Paris   Peace negotiations between representatives of the United States and Spain began in Paris on October 1, 1898. The American contingent demanded that Spain acknowledge and guarantee the independence of Cuba and transfer possession of the Philippines to the United States. In addition, the U.S. demanded that Spain pay Cuba’s estimated $400 million national debt. After agreeing to Cuban independence, Spain reluctantly agreed to sell the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million. Spain also agreed to pay back the $400 million Cuban debt by transferring possession of Puerto Rico and the Mariana island of Guam to the United States. Spain demanded that it be allowed to retain possession of the Philippines capital city of Manila- which had been captured by U.S. forces hours after the August 12 cease-fire had been declared. The United States refused to consider the demand. Representatives of Spain and the U.S. signed the treaty on December 10, 1898, leaving it up to the two nation’s governments to ratify it.   Pages 8 and 9 out of 19 pages comprising the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish-American War. Spain relinquished Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States in exchange of payment of $20,000,000. Spain also agreed to assume the $400,000,000 Cuban debt.   Corbis Historical / Getty Images While Spain signed the agreement days later, ratification was strongly opposed in the U.S. Senate by senators who viewed it as instituting an unconstitutional policy of American â€Å"imperialism† in the Philippines. After weeks of debate, the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899 by a single vote. The Treaty of Paris took effect on April 11, 1899, when the U.S. and Spain exchanged documents of ratification.  Ã‚   Significance While the Spanish-American War had been short in duration and relatively inexpensive in terms of dollars and lives, the resulting Treaty of Paris had a lasting impact on both Spain and the United States.   While it suffered initially from the terms of the treaty, Spain eventually benefited from being forced to abandon its imperialistic aspirations in favor of focusing on its many long-ignored internal needs. Indeed the war resulted in a modern Spanish renaissance in both its material and social interests. The post-war period in Spain saw rapid advances in agriculture, industry, and transportation over the following two decades.   As Spanish historian Salvador de Madariaga wrote in his 1958 book Spain: A Modern History, â€Å"Spain felt then that the era of overseas adventures had gone, and that henceforth her future was at home. Her eyes, which for centuries had wandered to the ends of the world, were at last turned on her own home estate.†Ã‚   The United States- whether intentionally or not- emerged from the Paris peace talks as the world’s newest superpower, with strategic territorial possessions stretching from the Caribbean to the Pacific. Economically, the United States profited from the new trade markets it gained in the Pacific, Caribbean, and the Far East. In 1893, the McKinley administration used the terms of the Treaty of Paris as partial justification for annexing the then-independent Hawaiian Islands. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898.† Yale Law School.â€Å"The Spanish–American War: The United States Becomes a World Power.† Library of Congress.McKinley, William. â€Å"The Acquisition of the Philippines.† U.S. Department of State.de Madariaga, Salvador (1958). â€Å"Spain: A Modern History.† Praeger. ISBN: 0758162367

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Management - Essay Example A group of companies that can successfully construct core competencies via its value chain functions to promote competitive advantages and then those capabilities may lead to synergies of that corporation.  Virgin is a motley collection of over 200 separate companies within main business lines- travel, lifestyle, media & mobile, music, and money. The whole virgin group covers the businesses ranged from airlines to bridal stores. There are only two things common to the diverse range of whole Virgin enterprises: Richard Branson as the founder and CEO of the group, all business units are under the brand name, Virgo. There is no parent company for the whole group and Mr. Branson once said each of the small companies are separate and has to stand on its own. Virgin group pursues Japanese keiretsu in addition to brand franchising strategy. Virgin member companies used to share a similar identity but possess their own independent operations.  Virgin pursues an unrelated diversification strategy with many product lines. Most companies diversify their business for the survival of their company, the extension of distinctive competencies to new businesses or in search of new competencies. Whenever Virgin diversifies its businesses, it is attached with the purpose of to make things better for the customers in the intended new industry. Diversification is known as the riskiest of the four strategies of the Growth.  Matrix: Market penetration, Product development, Market development, Diversification. It is said because diversification strategy needs to find many new competencies for a corporation such as new techniques, skills, etc. Thus, only a corporation that possesses some synergies to adapt well to the inexperienced field. After doing thorough research and appraisals for the next line of business concerning industry analysis and customer point of views, Virgin used to enter into that industry to create its brand name and excellent customer values and services.  

Branding, Pricing and Distribution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Branding, Pricing and Distribution - Assignment Example Therefore, to gain their trust the company shall reveal information about their product, and the vision of the company about their customers will entice them to learn more about the company and their products (Okonkwo, 2007). Competitive Pricing In developed countries such as United Kingdom, the competition is very high because many companies are trying to satisfy their customers with discounted prices. Therefore, the company has to make their pricing according to the market price and similar to competitors pricing (Okonkwo, 2007). Global Strategy Brand Architecture and Differentiation It is very important for the company to differentiate its product with competitors and create uniqueness in their product which shall entice customers in repeat purchases. The clarity of the brand message and values are of great importance to the company to avoid confusion in the mind of consumers (Gelder, 2005). Focus on Consumers The company’s strategy should be aligned with the needs of consu mers because after all because consumers are at the heart of everything a company does. In order to achieve long term success UW shall develop products that are globally accepted by consumers of different country. The trends of clothing is different for consumers living in United Arab Emirates and different for European consumers (Gelder, 2005). Strategic Partnerships The company shall build strategic partnership with retailers and suppliers to make their products available and easily reached to customers. Co-branding strategies shall also be practiced by making strategic alliance with competitors to offer unique products for kids less than 3 years of age (Gelder, 2005). Optimum Pricing Strategy Penetration Pricing UW clothing shall set special introductory offer while penetrating the market of United Arab Emirates to gain market share. The particular pricing strategy is focused upon setting the price lower initially than intended price established in the market. It will encourage c ustomers to shift to a new product and to make them realize about new competition in the market and to increase sales volume. However, once the desired target is achieved by the company then the prices shall be increased and maintained with the market price. It shall be very damaging for the competitors to cope up with the lower price set by UW clothing which will exploit their market position (Aaker, 2004). According to the long term goals of the company, it shall increase its product line by offering products category which will be priced lower than the market. Therefore, a particular brand extension will be focused upon serving different market segment which has lower spending power under a different brand name. This will provide an opportunity to target each customer base with an intention to increase company’s revenues and to exploit the market of UAE (Aaker, 2004). Pricing Strategy Supports Branding Strategy As initially the pricing strategy will be focused upon offerin g lower priced products than the established market price, the strategy will support its global branding strategy. The idea is to differentiate its product with respect to competitors by offering a price which makes significant impression in the minds of consumers and will attract